This research area deals with: the professionalization process, the key players in the legal profession (judges and courts, the legal academy, litigants, lawyers), their interrelations (such as lawyer-client relations (informed consent), lawyer-judge relations)), the legal practice and its outcomes (judging, lawyering, litigation, adjudication), legal education and the legal academy, and professional ethics – all from historical, gender, sociological and ethical perspectives.

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